✧ PREYLABDESIGN REFERENCE / V1

Model 4 · normalized artificial units

Chassis, dimensions and costs.

Numbers below are derived from the current engine with each family’s default model-4 genome at target mature mass, volume 1. They are capacities, not a forecast of survival. Download machine-readable rules.

Family comparison

Body radius differs by family even when bodySize = 1. Actual radius scales with the cube root of actual biomass and inverse cube root of dish volume. Depth thickness is computed separately; cilia, flagella and glow are decorative. The solver uses ellipsoid clearance in XYZ and swept contact.

FamilyIDXY radiusZ radiusThrust coefficientUpkeep / sActual resource / prey
Flagellated algaeflagellar-alga0.029000.039706.300e-80.2063light and dissolved mineral
Glassmouth ciliateciliate-grazer0.031000.042440.0000052800.2711living algae
Greater herbivorous flagellateherbivorous-flagellate0.052000.071190.0000024000.2711living algae
Raptorial ciliateraptorial-ciliate0.047000.064350.0000057000.2711living ciliates, herbivorous flagellates and omnivores
Apex hunterapex-ciliate0.061000.083510.0000036000.3811raptorial ciliates, omnivores and crawlers; smaller same-family prey only with cannibalism ≥0.55
Mosaicmouth omnivoreomnivorous-ciliate0.049000.067080.0000054000.3311algae, herbivores and carrion
Widejaw hunteropenwater-hunter0.067000.091730.0000063000.4511herbivores and hunters; smaller same-family prey only with cannibalism ≥0.55
Amoeba hunterfloor-ciliate-hunter0.048000.065710.0000072000.4211amoeboid crawlers
Amoeboid crawleramoeboid-prototype0.029000.039705.250e-80.09000floor corpses and detritus
Surface glider · development seedsurface-glider-prototype0.029000.039705.250e-80.09000light and mineral; development seed
Passive drifter · development seedpassive-drifter-prototype0.029000.039700.0000.09000light and mineral; development seed
Attached contractile cell · development seedcontractile-prototype0.029000.039709.000e-80.09000light and mineral; high-contractility variants may collect suspended detritus
Flagellated algaesupported · flagellum

light and dissolved mineral. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.02900 / 0.03970
Thrust / basal upkeep6.300e-8 / 0.2063 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.04550 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacityNo mouth ratio / No vacuoleSensing radius— at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Glassmouth ciliatesupported · cilia

living algae. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.03100 / 0.04244
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000005280 / 0.2711 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.09600 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 1.740Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Greater herbivorous flagellatesupported · flagellum

living algae. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.05200 / 0.07119
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000002400 / 0.2711 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.09600 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 1.740Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Raptorial ciliatesupported · cilia

living ciliates, herbivorous flagellates and omnivores. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.04700 / 0.06435
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000005700 / 0.2711 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.09600 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 2.520Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Apex huntersupported · cilia

raptorial ciliates, omnivores and crawlers; smaller same-family prey only with cannibalism ≥0.55. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.06100 / 0.08351
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000003600 / 0.3811 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.1200 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 3.360Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Mosaicmouth omnivoresupported · cilia

algae, herbivores and carrion. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.04900 / 0.06708
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000005400 / 0.3311 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.09600 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 2.640Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Widejaw huntersupported · cilia

herbivores and hunters; smaller same-family prey only with cannibalism ≥0.55. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.06700 / 0.09173
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000006300 / 0.4511 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.1500 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 8.000Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Amoeba huntersupported · cilia

amoeboid crawlers. binary fission. Habitat: floor-associated. Chassis status: supported.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.04800 / 0.06571
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000007200 / 0.4211 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.1320 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacity1.300 / 2.880Sensing radius0.1700 at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Amoeboid crawlerexperimental · amoeboid

floor corpses and detritus. binary fission. Habitat: floor-associated. Chassis status: experimental.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.02900 / 0.03970
Thrust / basal upkeep5.250e-8 / 0.09000 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.03500 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacityNo mouth ratio / No vacuoleSensing radius— at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Surface glider · development seedexperimental · glider

light and mineral; development seed. binary fission. Habitat: floor-associated. Chassis status: experimental.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.02900 / 0.03970
Thrust / basal upkeep5.250e-8 / 0.09000 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.03500 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacityNo mouth ratio / No vacuoleSensing radius— at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Passive drifter · development seedexperimental · drift

light and mineral; development seed. binary fission. Habitat: open water. Chassis status: experimental.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.02900 / 0.03970
Thrust / basal upkeep0.000 / 0.09000 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.000 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacityNo mouth ratio / No vacuoleSensing radius— at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Attached contractile cell · development seedexperimental · contractile

light and mineral; high-contractility variants may collect suspended detritus. binary fission. Habitat: anchored. Chassis status: experimental.

Default target mineral mass1.000Body radius / depth radius0.02900 / 0.03970
Thrust / basal upkeep9.000e-8 / 0.09000 energy per simulated secondActive movement cost0.06000 energy per simulated second at full modeled effort
Mouth / capacityNo mouth ratio / No vacuoleSensing radius— at volume 1 where applicable
Propagule machineryOff at default genesSource symbolsmodel.js:phenotype, physical.js:bodyRadius

Every gene and bound for this family →

Core expression and geometry

These rules are shown in their code units. A registry gene’s relative value enters one or more equations; it is never a temporary energy or body-mass store. View focus and zoom are observer settings.

RuleEquation or conditionUnitSource
structuralMassbodySize^3 × (alga ? biomassDensity × (1 + 0.1 × storageInvestment) : 1) × (1 + 0.035 × sensorCost)modeled mineral massmodel.js:structuralMass
bodyRadiusmature phenotype radius × cbrt(actual biomass / structuralMass) / cbrt(clamped dish volume)normalized XY dish widthphysical.js:bodyRadius
bodyDepthRadius(0.46 / 7) × bodyRadius / 0.048normalized Zphysical.js:bodyDepth
bodyContactsqrt((Δx/(r1+r2))² + (Δy/(r1+r2))² + (Δz/(depth1+depth2))²); overlap below 1 − 0.0001dimensionlessphysical.js:bodyMetric
consumerMouthprey actual radius ≤ hunter phenotype radius × feedingAperture; prey biomass must fit remaining vacuole and meal energy must fit 200 − stored meal energy; bite reach is family-specific and can be blocked by other bodiesnormalized radius and modeled massgrazer.js:edible/biteContact
fuelTaperlog1p(9 × clamp(energy / slowdownThreshold,0,1)) / log(10)fraction of active thrustmodel.js:movementFuelFactor
temperaturemax(0,1 − abs(temperature − thermalOptimum) / 25)gain multipliermodel.js:step
photosynthesisphotoCapacity × light/(20+light) × nutrient/(0.35+nutrient) × nutrientCapacity × temperatureFactor × dt; actual gain also needs finite mineral withdrawal at 0.4 mass per energymodeled energy per stepmodel.js:step
lampfull-field exp(−turbidity × depth); narrow beam additionally uses pitch/azimuth, inverse-square distance, smoothstep edge and water path attenuationfraction of lamp intensityecology.js:lightTransmission
mutationfor each locus independently, Bernoulli(mutationRate); delta uniform in [−0.06,0.06] × allele span; clamp or circular-wrap; unchanged draws are not recordedallele unitspopulation.js:mutateGenome

What controllers decide

Consumer sensory updates run at 200 ms intervals and retain last-seen positions for up to 1800 ms. Threat, contact, satiation, cooldown, eligible local prey, carrion and recent sighting compete in that order in grazer.js:stepGrazer. Hunger goals differ by family. The sensor records local observations; the observer may see more of the dish. Chemical concentration does not reveal a source path, and blocked approaches can be abandoned.

Algae sample local light and mineral probes every 200 ms, mark the limiting input, then turn toward improving samples or explore. Prototype chassis use separate locomotion and resource paths; some remain development seeds. See controller metadata for source symbols and null values where no unified priority rule exists.

Resource flows

SourceOperationDestinationLoss / cap
Dissolved mineral + lampAlgal photosynthesis and mineral withdrawalUsable energy and growing body0.4 mineral mass per modeled energy gain; gain saturates with light and nutrient
Usable energyBasal upkeep and active movementModeled sinkFuel taper reduces active effort at low energy; upkeep remains
Surplus usable energyReserve chargeStored reserve80% conversion; later mobilization yields 85%
Parent body and fuelGamete or spore releaseFinite propaguleRelease and particle caps; expired mass returns to medium
Prey body and stored energyPhysical capture and digestionHunter vacuole, fuel and detritusDiet, mouth, vacancy, handling and obstruction gates

Environment defaults and bounds →

Environment control ranges

These are UI input bounds and initial control values from index.cfm. A loaded dish may contain different current settings. All space, mass and energy units are artificial. Camera focus and zoom do not alter biology. The control table is a reference, not an import contract. New dish feature defaults: chemicalCues: on, contactExchange: on, fusionPropagules: on, acquiredDna: on, toxicEffects: on, algaeCommunication: on.

Control IDUI boundsStepInitial value
volume1–10001200
cell-limit1–5121128
support-limit0–100525
mutation-rate0–100112
temperature5–40122
nutrients0–100155
drift0–100135
auto-current-strength0–100145
auto-nutrient-amount0–24112
light0–100168
beamDiameter10–1001100
pitch0–6010
azimuth0–36010
cycle-period10–360010120
cycle-duty0–100550
cycle-fade0–300510
cycle-phase0–9910
turbidity0–80.11

Temperature is °C; volume is a relative multiplier; other percentage sliders are 0–100 unless identified by their own unit. Cycle period and fade inputs are seconds in the UI and milliseconds in state. New dishes use automatic nutrient additions by default; current pulses are off until enabled. See environment defaults for the state representation.

Reproduction thresholds

Fission first checks family support, population and support-species caps, age, 1.4× mature body mass, fuel and recent algal surplus. It then searches up to 16 physical daughter placements before spending the 3-energy division cost; parent body and remaining fuel split between daughters. Mutation is sampled independently per locus in each daughter.

FamilyMinimum ageMinimum fuelMinimum body mass
Flagellated algae30s / divisionTempo251.4 × mature structural mass
Glassmouth ciliate50s / divisionTempo551.4 × mature structural mass
Greater herbivorous flagellate45s / divisionTempo551.4 × mature structural mass
Raptorial ciliate65s / divisionTempo651.4 × mature structural mass
Apex hunter100s / divisionTempo751.4 × mature structural mass
Mosaicmouth omnivore80s / divisionTempo651.4 × mature structural mass
Widejaw hunter110s / divisionTempo851.4 × mature structural mass
Amoeba hunter100s / divisionTempo801.4 × mature structural mass
Amoeboid crawler100s / divisionTempo401.4 × mature structural mass
Surface glider · development seed100s / divisionTempo401.4 × mature structural mass
Passive drifter · development seed100s / divisionTempo401.4 × mature structural mass
Attached contractile cell · development seed100s / divisionTempo401.4 × mature structural mass

Contact exchange requires two distinct mature algae with crossAffinity ≥0.5, at least 50 fuel and 1.2 seconds of actual XYZ contact, with no contact gap longer than 240 ms. Each parent spends 2 fuel and keeps a partner genome commitment for a later daughter.

Gamete parents require fusionCapacity ≥0.7, crossAffinity ≥0.5, age ≥30 s, mass ≥1.15× mature mass + 0.20 and fuel ≥30. They spend 0.20 mass and 10 fuel for a 45-second gamete. Opposite mating types (matingType <0.5 versus ≥0.5), different parents, five-second age and XYZ encounter within 0.02 physical units are needed for fusion. The zygote recovers eight seconds before ordinary development.

Crawler spores require sporeInvestment ≥0.7, age ≥30 s, mass ≥1.15× mature mass + 0.25 and fuel ≥32. A release spends 0.25 mass and 12 fuel for a 90-second asexual spore. Germination needs five seconds of viability, local organic field ≥0.002, physical room, a cell slot and support-species slot. The shared particle cap is 128. Expiry deposits remaining particle mass to the nutrient medium. These mechanisms require the Fusion/propagules feature toggle.

Chemical channels

These are field packets with distinct channel and group identities. Concentration samples are local, divided by dish volume and gated by receptor sensitivity. A receptor detects a gradient, not emitter identity or a stored path. Paid release transfers body mass plus 20 energy per mass; toxin release transfers a previously synthesized store. Passive food and rot odors transfer accounted material without active secretion energy. Packets advect with current, random-walk, widen and decay into nutrient material. The 256-packet cap merges compatible nearby packets where possible; other release is blocked before charging the source.

ChannelTriggerEmitter gateReceptor gateResourceLifetime / decay
mateliving compatible alga; secretion on mating-readiness eventalga group, chemicalSense ≥0.2, crossAffinity ≥0.5same alga group and receptor gatepaid body mass + 20 energy per mass30000 ms / τ 18000 ms
aversivethreatened living cell with chemicalSense and disturbanceSensechemicalSense ≥0.2, disturbanceSense ≥0.3chemicalSense ≥0.2, disturbanceSense ≥0.3paid body mass + 20 energy per mass12000 ms / τ 7500 ms
kinmoving social cell, flocking ≥0.35 and fuel ≥35; residual 0.000045 mass/schemicalSense ≥0.2, flocking ≥0.35same family, chemicalSense ≥0.2, flocking ≥0.35paid body mass + 20 energy per mass10000 ms / τ 7500 ms
foodfed living body passive odor or finite body releasechemicalSense ≥0.2 and eligible fed statefoodCueGroups includes source familypassive odor transferred from accounted body; active release paid14000 ms / τ 7500 ms
rotcorpse decay proportional to accounted remainspassive corpse budgetcrawler or omnivore, carrion group, chemicalSense ≥0.2no active secretion cost; comes from corpse mass20000 ms / τ 7500 ms
toxin-irritantthreat/contact burst from finite toxin storetoxinSynthesis ≥0.5 and toxinRelease ≥0.5chemicalSense ≥0.2 and disturbanceSense; dose physiology separateprepaid toxin store; no residual toxin default12000 ms / τ 7500 ms
toxin-motorprey/contact burst from finite toxin storetoxinSynthesis ≥0.5 and toxinRelease ≥0.5chemicalSense ≥0.2 and disturbanceSense; dose physiology separateprepaid toxin store; no residual toxin default14000 ms / τ 7500 ms
toxin-sensoryprey/contact burst from finite toxin storetoxinSynthesis ≥0.5 and toxinRelease ≥0.5chemicalSense ≥0.2 and disturbanceSense; dose physiology separateprepaid toxin store; no residual toxin default14000 ms / τ 7500 ms
alga-warningalgal disturbancealga, chemicalSense ≥0.2, disturbanceSense ≥0.4alga with chemicalSense ≥0.2; weighted by disturbanceSensepaid body mass + 20 energy per mass9000 ms / τ 7500 ms
alga-surplussustained surplus with hysteresis then taper; residual trajectory releasealga, chemicalSense ≥0.2, photosyntheticInvestment ≥0.6alga with chemicalSense ≥0.2; weighted by photosyntheticInvestmentpaid body mass + 20 energy per mass16000 ms / τ 7500 ms

Detection threshold is 0.00000015/max(1,volume) for food and rot, and 0.000001/max(1,volume) for other channels. Toxin dose, resistance and clearance are physiological processes after field detection. Individual response may be neutral even when a sample registers.

What this reference cannot predict

No static genotype determines a net energy or survival score without local food, movement history, light, encounters and competition. Contact shapes approximate bodies; an elongated cell does not have a deformable mesh. At the default mutation rate 0.12 per locus, a 46-locus alga expects 5.52 attempted perturbations per daughter; unchanged or clamped results reduce the changed-locus count. Looping scent trails, moving obstacles and depth routes can defeat simple pursuit. The catalog’s habitat label describes a usual setting, not a viability guarantee.